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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

AI医生出手居家筛查宝宝视功能******

　　广州日报讯 (全媒体记者梁超仪通讯员邰梦云、唐艳丽)宝宝最近总是揉眼、不断眨眼，是不是视力有问题？看诊不会配合检查怎么办？过往，婴幼儿视力评估充满了挑战，这一群体的眼健康普筛也存在空白。如今这一现状得以打破。

　　日前，中山大学中山眼科中心召开新闻发布会，该中心林浩添教授团队联合全球多家医疗及研发机构，研发全球首个婴幼儿视功能损伤手机智能筛查系统，研究成果于1月26日在《Nature Medicine》在线发表，为破解婴幼儿视功能损伤及相关眼病早期筛诊难题提供有效技术手段。

　　目前，团队与粤省事等公众平台进行对接和部署，为婴幼儿视功能损伤及相关眼病的大规模筛查提供可行方案。此外，市民搜索小程序“Ai宝睛灵”，即可便捷在家首尝“头啖汤”。

　　历时八年采集3652名婴幼儿视力数据

　　林浩添教授介绍，0-4岁婴幼儿处于视功能发育的关键时期。在这个阶段发生的眼病如果不能及时干预治疗，很可能导致患者长达几十年低视力甚至致盲，给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。据国家疾控中心数据显示，全国5000万0-4岁婴幼儿中，眼病发病率高达9.11%，早筛早治是提高婴幼儿视功能预后的关键。

　　对婴幼儿进行视功能评估，早期发现眼部疾患引起的视功能损伤十分关键，却充满挑战。由于婴幼儿难以表达眼部不适，视功能损伤易被忽视或漏诊，错过最佳的治疗时机。其次，受限于认知水平，婴幼儿难以配合完成传统的眼部检查。此外，大部分检查手段对于技术人员的专业水平与设备要求高，筛查成本高，效能低，难以作为普筛技术手段普及。

　　为破解这一难题，该研究团队历时八年，前瞻性采集来自3652名婴幼儿的超过2500万帧注视行为大数据，依托天河二号超算中心部署的深度学习人工智能数据分析后台，对采集的数据进行深度分析，早期预警异常注视行为，筛检婴幼儿视功能损伤及相关眼病。

　　该技术的研发创新婴幼儿视功能损伤移动智能筛诊模式，有望极大降低婴幼儿视功能损伤早期筛诊的难度及成本。

　　可初筛超16种婴幼儿常见致盲眼病

　　记者进入小程序发现，居家用手机操作十分方便，在实操中，家长通过手机播放一段3分钟的动画视频吸引婴幼儿保持注视，可以实现对婴幼儿注视习惯和行为模式的实时捕捉，随后该系统会给出初筛的结果。

　　林浩添介绍，在这个人工智能系统中，研究团队基于视频大数据，深度挖掘了不同眼病引起的婴幼儿视功能损伤的异常注视行为模态，并依托深度学习人工智能技术，突破性地实现了对先天性白内障、先天性上睑下垂、先天性青光眼、斜视、视网膜母细胞瘤等超16种婴幼儿常见致盲眼病引起视功能损伤的早期检测，平均筛查准确率超85%。而在实际应用中，系统在全国4家医疗机构参与的多中心外部验证中的筛查准确率超80%。同时，研究团队招募了120个家庭参与居家筛查，便捷的系统操作流程使得99%的家长都能顺利完成筛查试验，筛查准确率达85.9%。

　　“我们希望通过这一人工智能系统，让有需要的家长居家便可以便捷帮助婴幼儿视力进行普筛，辨别视力状况是正常还是异常，有异常状况通过去医院专科就诊确诊具体的眼疾。”林浩添介绍。据了解，这一系统已在小程序“Ai宝睛灵”试运行上线，下一步在小程序“粤睛晶”中也计划引入。此外，该团队正与粤省事对接，希望可以在广东范围内大范围普及，后续有条件覆盖全国有需要的市民。

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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